Search PLR Articles Directory Cook Islands: October 2012

Sunday, 7 October 2012

phentermine

FEN-ter-meen

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Adipex

Atti-Plex P

Fastin

Ionamin

Phentercot

Phentride

Pro-Fast

Suprenza

Available Dosage Forms:

Capsule, Extended Release

Capsule

Tablet, Disintegrating

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Appetite Suppressant, Centrally Acting

Chemical Class: Amphetamine Related

Uses For phentermine

Phentermine is used as part of a short-term plan, along with a low calorie diet, for weight reduction. It is used in obese patients who have not been able to lose weight with diet and exercise alone. Phentermine belongs to the group of medicines known as appetite suppressants.

phentermine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using phentermine

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For phentermine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to phentermine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Use of phentermine is not recommended in children 16 years of age and younger. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of phentermine in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving phentermine.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	X	Studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. This drug should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant because the risk clearly outweighs any possible benefit.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking phentermine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using phentermine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Brofaromine

Clorgyline

Furazolidone

Iproniazid

Isocarboxazid

Lazabemide

Linezolid

Moclobemide

Nialamide

Pargyline

Phenelzine

Procarbazine

Rasagiline

Selegiline

Sibutramine

Toloxatone

Tranylcypromine

Using phentermine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Fenfluramine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Proper Use of phentermine

Take phentermine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. If too much is taken, it may become habit-forming (causing mental or physical dependence).

phentermine is available in four forms: capsules, disintegrating tablets, extended-release capsules, and tablets. Ask your doctor which dosage form is right for you.

Swallow the extended-release capsule whole. Do not crush, break, or chew it.

If you are using the disintegrating tablet, make sure your hands are dry before removing the tablet from the bottle. Place the tablet on the top of your tongue immediately. It should melt quickly. After the tablet has melted, swallow or take a sip of water.

Take the disintegrating tablet with or without food.

Carefully follow your doctor's instructions for a reduced-calorie diet plan and regular exercise. Talk with your doctor before starting any exercise program.

To avoid trouble sleeping, take the last dose of the day about 4 to 6 hours before bedtime, unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

Dosing

The dose of phentermine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of phentermine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For treatment of obesity:
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
  - Adults and teenagers 17 years of age and older—15 to 30 milligrams (mg) once a day, taken at approximately 2 hours after breakfast.
  - Children up to 16 years of age—Use is not recommended.
- For oral dosage form (disintegrating tablets):
  - Adults and teenagers 17 years of age and older—One tablet once a day, taken in the morning.
  - Children up to 16 years of age—Use is not recommended.
- For oral resin dosage form (extended-release capsules):
  - Adults and teenagers 16 years of age and older—One capsule once a day, taken before breakfast or 10 to 14 hours before sleeping.
  - Children up to 15 years of age—Use is not recommended.
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
  - Adults and teenagers 17 years of age and older—One tablet or 37.5 milligrams (mg) once a day, taken before breakfast or 1 to 2 hours after breakfast. Some patients may need half-tablet or 18.75 mg daily or two times a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed.
  - Children up to 16 years of age—Use is not recommended.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of phentermine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using phentermine

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that phentermine is working properly and does not cause any unwanted effects.

Do not use phentermine if you are also using similar medicines such as benzphetamine, diethylpropion, mazindol, phendimetrazine, Bontril®, or Didrex®. Also, do not use phentermine if you have used an MAO inhibitor (MAOI) such as Eldepryl®, Marplan®, Nardil®, or Parnate® within the past 14 days. Using these medicines together may cause serious unwanted effects.

Using phentermine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using phentermine, tell your doctor right away.

phentermine may be habit-forming. If you think phentermine is not working properly after you have taken it for a few weeks, do not increase the dose. Instead, check with your doctor.

Stop using phentermine and check with your doctor right away if you notice a decrease in your ability to exercise, if you faint, or if you have chest pain, swelling of your feet or lower legs, or trouble with breathing. These may be symptoms of a very serious heart or lung problem.

phentermine may cause some people to become dizzy, lightheaded, or less alert than they are normally. Make sure you know how you react to phentermine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert.

For diabetic patients: phentermine may affect blood sugar levels. If you notice a change in the results of your blood or urine sugar tests or if you have any questions, check with your doctor.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines, dietary supplements, herbal remedies, or medicines for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hay fever, and sinus problems. Do not drink alcohol while you are using phentermine.

phentermine Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Rare

Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there

severe mental changes

Incidence not known

Chest pain

decreased ability to exercise

dizziness

fainting

fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse

headache

numbness or tingling in the arms or legs

swelling of the feet or lower legs

trembling or shaking of the legs, arms, hands, or feet

trouble with breathing

trouble with thinking, speaking, or walking

weakness

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:

Symptoms of overdose

Abdominal or stomach cramps

blurred vision

change in consciousness

confusion

convulsions

diarrhea

discouragement

dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position

feeling sad or empty

irritability

lack of appetite

lightheadedness

loss of consciousness

loss of interest or pleasure

nausea

nervousness

overactive reflexes

panic

physical attempt to injure

pounding in the ears

rapid breathing

restlessness

slow or fast heartbeat

sweating

tiredness

trouble concentrating

trouble with sleeping

unusual tiredness or weakness

violent actions

vomiting

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

Incidence not known

Decreased interest in sexual intercourse

difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)

dry mouth

false or unusual sense of well-being

hives or welts

inability to have or keep an erection

increased in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

increased interest in sexual intercourse

itching

loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

redness of the skin

skin rash

sleeplessness

unable to sleep

unpleasant taste

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

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Saturday, 6 October 2012

citrate

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Citra pH

Cytra-K

Cytra-K Crystals

Liqui-DualCitra

Polycitra-K

Polycitra-K Crystals

Urocit-K 10

Urocit-K 15

Urocit-K 5

In Canada

Pms-Dicitrate

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Solution

Tablet, Extended Release

Syrup

Powder for Suspension

Uses For citrate

Citrates are used to make the urine more alkaline (less acid). This helps prevent certain kinds of kidney stones. Citrates are sometimes used with other medicines to help treat kidney stones that may occur with gout. They are also used to make the blood more alkaline in certain conditions

Citrates are available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using citrate

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Although there is no specific information comparing use of citrates in children with use in other age groups, these medicines are not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than they do in adults.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of citrates in the elderly with use in other age groups.

Pregnancy

Studies on effects in pregnancy have not been done in either humans or animals.

Breast Feeding

Although it is not known whether citrates pass into the breast milk, citrate has not been reported to cause problems in nursing babies.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Proper Use of citrate

For patients taking the tablet form of citrate:

Swallow the tablets whole. Do not crush, chew, or suck the tablet.

Take with a full glass (8 ounces) of water.

If you have trouble swallowing the tablets or they seem to stick in your throat, check with your doctor at once. If citrate is not completely swallowed and not properly dissolved, it can cause severe irritation.

For patients taking the liquid form of citrate:

Dilute with a full glass (6 ounces) of water or juice and drink; follow with additional water, if desired.

Chill, but do not freeze, citrate before taking it, for a better taste.

For patients taking the crystals form of citrate:

Add the contents of one packet to at least 6 ounces of cool water or juice.

Stir well to make sure the crystals are completely dissolved.

Drink all the mixture to be sure you are taking the correct dose. Follow with additional water or juice, if desired.

Take each dose immediately after a meal or within 30 minutes after a meal or bedtime snack. This helps prevent the medicine from causing stomach pain or a laxative effect.

Drink at least a full glass (8 ounces) of water or other liquid (except milk) every hour during the day (about 3 quarts a day), unless otherwise directed by your doctor. This will increase the flow of urine and help prevent kidney stones.

Take citrate only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. This is especially important if you are also taking a diuretic (water pill) or digitalis medicine for your heart.

Dosing

The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

For potassium citrate

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- To make the urine more alkaline (less acidic) and to prevent kidney stones:
  - Adults—At first, 1.08 to 2.16 grams three times a day with meals. Some people may take 1.62 grams four times a day with meals or within thirty minutes after a meal or bedtime snack. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people usually will not take more than 10.8 grams a day.
  - Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.

For potassium citrate and citric acid

For oral dosage form (solution):
- To make the urine or blood more alkaline (less acidic) and to prevent kidney stones:
  - Adults—At first, 2 to 3 teaspoonfuls of solution, mixed with water or juice, four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. Your doctor may change the dose if needed.
  - Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
- To make the urine more alkaline (less acidic):
  - Children—At first, 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls of solution, mixed with water or juice, four times a day after meals and at bedtime. Your doctor may change the dose if needed.

For oral dosage form (crystals for solution):
- To make the urine or blood more alkaline (less acidic) and to prevent kidney stones:
  - Adults—At first, 3.3 grams of potassium citrate, mixed with water or juice, four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. Your doctor may change the dose if needed.
  - Children—Use is not recommended.

For potassium citrate and sodium citrate

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- To make the urine more alkaline (less acidic) and to prevent kidney stones:
  - Adults—At first, 1 to 4 tablets after meals and at bedtime.
  - Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.

For sodium citrate and citric acid

For oral dosage form (solution):
- To make the urine and blood more alkaline (less acidic) and to prevent kidney stones:
  - Adults—At first, 2 to 6 teaspoonfuls of solution four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. The solution should be mixed in one to three ounces of water. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will usually not take more than five ounces a day.
- To make the blood more alkaline (less acidic):
  - Adults—1 to 2 tablespoonfuls as a single dose. You may mix it in one to two tablespoonfuls of water.
- To make the contents of the stomach less acidic before surgery:
  - Children—At first, 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls of solution four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. The solution should be mixed in one to three ounces of water. Your doctor may change the dose if needed.

For tricitrates

For oral dosage form (solution):
- To make the urine and blood more alkaline (less acidic) and to prevent kidney stones:
  - Adults—At first, 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls of solution four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. Your doctor may change the dose if needed.
- To make the contents of the stomach less acidic before surgery:
  - Adults—1 tablespoonful as a single dose. You should mix the solution in one tablespoonful of water.
- To make the urine or blood more alkaline (less acidic):
  - Children—At first, 5 to 10 mL four times a day after meals and at bedtime. Your doctor may change the dose if needed.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of citrate, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using citrate

It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits. This is to make sure the medicine is working properly and to check for unwanted effects.

Do not eat salty foods or use extra table salt on your food while you are taking citrates. This will help prevent kidney stones and unwanted effects.

Check with your doctor before starting any strenuous physical exercise, especially if you are out of condition and are taking any other medication. Exercise and certain medications may increase the amount of potassium in the blood.

For patients taking potassium citrate–containing medicines:

Do not use salt substitutes and low-salt milk unless told to do so by your doctor. They may contain potassium.

Check with your doctor at once if you are taking the tablet form and notice black, tarry stools or other signs of stomach or intestinal bleeding.

Do not be alarmed if you notice what appears to be a whole tablet in the stool after taking potassium citrate tablets. Your body has received the proper amount of medicine from the tablet and has expelled the tablet shell. However, it is a good idea to check with your doctor also.

If you are on a potassium-rich or potassium-restricted diet, check with your health care professional. Potassium citrate–containing medicines contain a large amount of potassium.

For patients taking sodium citrate–containing medicines:

If you are on a sodium-restricted diet, check with your health care professional. Sodium citrate–containing medicines contain a large amount of sodium.

citrate Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Stop taking citrate and get emergency help immediately if any of the following effects occur:

Rare

Abdominal or stomach pain or cramping (severe)

black, tarry stools

vomiting (severe), sometimes with blood

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Confusion

convulsions (seizures)

dizziness

high blood pressure

irregular or fast heartbeat

irritability

mood or mental changes

muscle pain or twitching

nervousness or restlessness

numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips

shortness of breath, difficult breathing, or slow breathing

swelling of feet or lower legs

unexplained anxiety

unpleasant taste

unusual tiredness or weakness

weakness or heaviness of legs

Less common

Abdominal or stomach soreness or pain (mild)

diarrhea or loose bowel movements

nausea or vomiting

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Friday, 5 October 2012

pindolol

PIN-doe-lol

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Visken

In Canada

Alti-Pindolol

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Cardiovascular Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker, Nonselective

Uses For pindolol

Pindolol is used alone or together with other medicines (such as hydrochlorothiazide) to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled .

pindolol is a beta-blocker. It works by affecting the response to nerve impulses in certain parts of the body, like the heart. As a result, the heart beats slower and decreases the blood pressure. When the blood pressure is lowered, the amount of blood and oxygen is increased to the heart .

pindolol is available only with your doctor's prescription .

Before Using pindolol

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For pindolol, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to pindolol or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of pindolol in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established .

Geriatric

No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of pindolol in geriatric patients .

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	B	Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus.

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking pindolol, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using pindolol with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Thioridazine

Using pindolol with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Albuterol

Amiodarone

Arformoterol

Bambuterol

Bitolterol

Broxaterol

Clenbuterol

Clonidine

Colterol

Diltiazem

Dronedarone

Epinephrine

Fenoldopam

Fenoterol

Formoterol

Hexoprenaline

Indacaterol

Isoetharine

Levalbuterol

Metaproterenol

Pirbuterol

Procaterol

Reproterol

Rimiterol

Ritodrine

Salmeterol

Terbutaline

Tretoquinol

Tulobuterol

Verapamil

Using pindolol with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Acarbose

Aceclofenac

Acemetacin

Acetohexamide

Alclofenac

Alfuzosin

Amlodipine

Apazone

Arbutamine

Benfluorex

Benoxaprofen

Bromfenac

Bufexamac

Bunazosin

Carprofen

Chlorpropamide

Clometacin

Clonixin

Dexketoprofen

Diclofenac

Diflunisal

Digoxin

Dipyrone

Doxazosin

Droxicam

Etodolac

Etofenamate

Felbinac

Felodipine

Fenbufen

Fenoprofen

Fentiazac

Floctafenine

Flufenamic Acid

Flurbiprofen

Gliclazide

Glimepiride

Glipizide

Gliquidone

Glyburide

Guar Gum

Ibuprofen

Indomethacin

Indoprofen

Insulin

Insulin Aspart, Recombinant

Insulin Glulisine

Insulin Lispro, Recombinant

Isoxicam

Ketoprofen

Ketorolac

Lacidipine

Lercanidipine

Lornoxicam

Manidipine

Meclofenamate

Mefenamic Acid

Meloxicam

Metformin

Mibefradil

Miglitol

Moxisylyte

Nabumetone

Naproxen

Nicardipine

Nifedipine

Niflumic Acid

Nilvadipine

Nimesulide

Nimodipine

Nisoldipine

Nitrendipine

Oxaprozin

Oxyphenbutazone

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

Phenylbutazone

Pirazolac

Piroxicam

Pirprofen

Pranidipine

Prazosin

Propyphenazone

Proquazone

Repaglinide

St John's Wort

Sulindac

Suprofen

Tamsulosin

Tenidap

Tenoxicam

Terazosin

Tiaprofenic Acid

Tolazamide

Tolbutamide

Tolmetin

Trimazosin

Troglitazone

Urapidil

Zomepirac

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Proper Use of pindolol

In addition to the use of pindolol, treatment for your high blood pressure may include weight control and changes in the types of foods you eat, especially foods high in sodium. Your doctor will tell you which of these are most important for you. You should check with your doctor before changing your diet .

Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many may feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well .

Remember that pindolol will not cure your high blood pressure, but it does help control it. You must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life. If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease .

Do not interrupt or stop taking pindolol without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are taking before stopping it completely. Some conditions may become worse when the medicine is stopped suddenly, which can be dangerous .

Dosing

The dose of pindolol will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of pindolol. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
  - Adults—At first, 5 milligrams (mg) two times a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of pindolol, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using pindolol

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure pindolol is working properly and to check for unwanted effects .

Pindolol may cause heart failure in some patients. Check with your doctor right away if you are having chest pain or discomfort; dilated neck veins; extreme fatigue; irregular breathing; an irregular heartbeat; shortness of breath; swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs; weight gain; or wheezing .

pindolol may cause changes in your blood sugar levels. Also, pindolol may cover up signs of low blood sugar, such as a rapid pulse rate. Check with your doctor if you have these problems or if you notice a change in the results of your blood or urine sugar tests .

Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using pindolol. You may need to stop using pindolol several days before having surgery .

pindolol Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

Swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs

Less common

Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings

chest pain

difficult or labored breathing

shortness of breath

tightness in chest

wheezing

Rare

Decreased urine output

dilated neck veins

extreme fatigue

fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse

irregular breathing

seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there

troubled breathing

weight gain

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:

Symptoms of overdose

Blurred vision

dizziness

headache

nervousness

pounding in the ears

slow heartbeat

More common

Joint pain

muscle pain

sleeplessness

trouble sleeping

unable to sleep

unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common

Itching skin

muscle cramps

nausea

stomach soreness or discomfort

unusual dreams

weakness

Rare

Rash

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: pindolol side effects (in more detail)

More pindolol resources

Pindolol Side Effects (in more detail)
Pindolol Dosage
Pindolol Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Pindolol Drug Interactions
Pindolol Support Group
0 Reviews for Pindolol - Add your own review/rating

pindolol Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

Pindolol Prescribing Information (FDA)

Pindolol Monograph (AHFS DI)

Pindolol Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

Pindolol MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Visken Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare pindolol with other medications

High Blood Pressure

Thursday, 4 October 2012

Limbrel

Generic Name: bioflavonoids (BYE oh FLAV oh noids)

Brand Names: Amino-Opti-C, Limbrel, P-1000, Pan C 500, Peridin-C, Rutin, Span C

What are Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

Bioflavonoids are found in the rind of green citrus fruits and in rose hips and black currants.

Bioflavonoids have been used in alternative medicine as an aid to enhance the action of vitamin C, to support blood circulation, as an antioxidant, and to treat allergies, viruses, or arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

Not all uses for bioflavonoids have been approved by the FDA. Bioflavonoids should not be used in place of medication prescribed for you by your doctor.

Bioflavonoids is often sold as an herbal supplement. There are no regulated manufacturing standards in place for many herbal compounds and some marketed supplements have been found to be contaminated with toxic metals or other drugs. Herbal/health supplements should be purchased from a reliable source to minimize the risk of contamination.

Bioflavonoids may also be used for other purposes not listed in this product guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

Not all uses for bioflavonoids have been approved by the FDA. Bioflavonoids should not be used in place of medication prescribed for you by your doctor.

Use bioflavonoids as directed on the label, or as your healthcare provider has prescribed. Do not use this product in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

Do not use this product if you are allergic to bioflavonoids or if you have:

Before using bioflavonoids, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use bioflavonoids if you have certain medical conditions.

Do not take bioflavonoids without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy. It is not known whether bioflavonoids will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take bioflavonoids without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. It is not known whether bioflavonoids will be harmful to a nursing infant. Do not give any herbal/health supplement to a child without the advice of a doctor.

How should I take Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

When considering the use of herbal supplements, seek the advice of your doctor. You may also consider consulting a practitioner who is trained in the use of herbal/health supplements.

If you choose to take bioflavonoids, use it as directed on the package or as directed by your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. Do not use more of this product than is recommended on the label.

Take this medicine with a full glass of water.

Do not use different formulations of bioflavonoids at the same time without first talking to your doctor. Using different formulations together increases the risk of an bioflavonoids overdose.

If your condition does not improve, or if it appears to get worse, contact your doctor.

Store bioflavonoids at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Consult your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider for instructions if you miss a dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

There are no known restrictions on food, beverages, or activities while you are taking bioflavonoids unless otherwise directed by your health care provider.

Limbrel (bioflavonoids) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Less serious side effects are more likely to occur, and you may have none at all.

Tell your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

There may be other drugs that can interact with bioflavonoids. Tell your healthcare provider about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your healthcare provider.

More Limbrel resources

Limbrel Side Effects (in more detail)
Limbrel Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Limbrel Drug Interactions
Limbrel Support Group
3 Reviews for Limbrel - Add your own review/rating

Limbrel Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Limbrel MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Compare Limbrel with other medications

Osteoarthritis

Where can I get more information?

Consult with a licensed healthcare professional before using any herbal/health supplement. Whether you are treated by a medical doctor or a practitioner trained in the use of natural medicines/supplements, make sure all your healthcare providers know about all of your medical conditions and treatments.

See also: Limbrel side effects (in more detail)

factor IX complex

Generic Name: factor IX complex (FAK tor NINE KOM plex)

Brand names: Bebulin VH, Konyne 80, Profilnine SD, Proplex T, Mononine (obsolete1), Alphanine SD (obsolete1), AlphaNine SD (obsolete)

What is factor IX complex?

Factor IX (nine) is a naturally occurring protein in the blood that helps blood to clot. A lack of clotting factors can cause uncontrolled bleeding, as the blood is unable to clot properly.

Factor IX complex is a combination of four different clotting factors and other proteins. This medication works by temporarily raising levels of these clotting factors in the blood to aid in clotting.

Factor IX complex is used to treat or prevent bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia B. It is also used to control bleeding related to surgery or dentistry in people with hemophilia B.

Factor IX may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about factor IX complex?

Before using factor IX complex, your specific blood clotting disorder must be diagnosed as factor IX or factor VIII (eight) deficiency.

Your doctor may want you to receive a hepatitis vaccination before you start using factor IX complex.

Use this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not use the medication in larger amounts, or use it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the instructions on your prescription label. Always check the strength of the medicine on the label to be sure you are using the correct potency.

Carry an ID card or wear a medical alert bracelet stating that you have hemophilia in case of emergency. Any doctor, dentist, or emergency medical care provider who treats you should know that you have a bleeding or blood-clotting disorder.

Factor IX complex is made from human plasma (part of the blood) and may contain viruses and other infectious agents that can cause disease. Although donated human plasma is screened, tested, and treated to reduce the risk of it containing anything that could cause disease, there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using this medication.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using factor IX complex?

Before using factor IX complex, your specific blood clotting disorder must be diagnosed as factor IX or factor VIII (eight) deficiency.

FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether factor IX complex passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Your doctor may want you to receive a hepatitis vaccination before you start using factor IX complex.

How should I use factor IX complex?

Factor IX complex is given as an injection through a needle placed into a vein. Your doctor, nurse, or other healthcare provider will give you this injection. You may be shown how to use your medicine at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of needles, IV tubing, and other items used in giving the medicine.

Always wash your hands before preparing and giving your injection.

Factor IX complex must be mixed with a liquid (diluent) before injecting it. If you store your medicine in the refrigerator, take a medicine and diluent vial out of the refrigerator and allow each to warm to room temperature before mixing them. Do not heat the medicine or diluent.

After mixing, gently swirl the mixture and allow the medicine to completely dissolve.

After mixing the medicine and diluent, the mixture should be kept at room temperature and must be used within 3 hours. Do not put mixed medicine into the refrigerator.

Draw your dose into a syringe only when you are ready to give yourself an injection. Each vial is for one use only. After measuring your dose, throw the vial away, even if there is medicine left in it.

Do not use this medication if it has changed colors or has any particles in it. Call your doctor for a new prescription.

Check your pulse before and during your injection. If your pulse rate changes, slow or stop the injection until your pulse rate returns to normal.

Use each disposable needle only one time. Throw away used needles in a puncture-proof container (ask your pharmacist where you can get one and how to dispose of it). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.

Throw away any leftover medicine and diluent if the expiration date has passed.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Factor IX is sometimes used only as needed, so you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are using the medication regularly, use the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and use the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Call your doctor if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An overdose of factor IX complex is not expected to produce life-threatening symptoms.

What should I avoid while using factor IX complex?

Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while you are using factor IX complex.

Factor IX complex side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; nausea, vomiting; feeling light-headed, fainting; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

cough, chest pain;

weak or shallow breathing;

feeling short of breath;

headache, feeling like you might pass out;

fever, chills, drowsiness, and runny nose followed by skin rash and joint pain 2 weeks later;

nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

easy bruising, increased bleeding episodes; or

bleeding from a wound or where the medicine was injected.

Less serious side effects may include:

mild nausea or stomach pain; or

mild tingly or jittery feeling.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Factor IX complex Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Factor IX Deficiency:

Units required to raise blood level percentages: 1.0 unit/kg x body weight (in kg) x desired increase (% of normal).
In preparation for and following surgery, levels above 25%, maintained for at least a week after surgery, are suggested. Laboratory control to assure such levels is recommended. To maintain levels above 25% for a reasonable time, each dose should be calculated to raise the level to 40% to 60% of normal.

Usual Adult Dose for Hemophilia B:

Usual Adult Dose for Factor VII Deficiency:

Proplex T (only):
Units required to raise blood level percentages: 0.5 unit/kg x body weight (in kg) x desired increase (% of normal). Repeat dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
In preparation for and following surgery, levels above 25%, maintained for at least a week after surgery, are suggested. Laboratory control to assure such levels is recommended. To maintain levels above 25% for a reasonable time, each dose should be calculated to raise the level to 40 to 60% of normal.

Usual Adult Dose for Hemophilia A with Inhibitors:

Proplex T (only):
Treatment of hemarthroses occurring in hemophiliacs with inhibitors to Factor VIII:
75 Factor IX units per kg of body weight.

What other drugs will affect factor IX complex?

There may be other drugs that can affect factor IX complex. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

More factor IX complex resources

Factor IX complex Side Effects (in more detail)
Factor IX complex Dosage
Factor IX complex Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Factor IX complex Drug Interactions
Factor IX complex Support Group
0 Reviews for Factor IX complex - Add your own review/rating

Bebulin VH Prescribing Information (FDA)

Bebulin VH MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Profilnine SD Prescribing Information (FDA)

factor ix complex Intravenous, Injection Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Compare factor IX complex with other medications

Factor IX Deficiency
Factor VII Deficiency
Hemophilia A with Inhibitors
Hemophilia B

Where can I get more information?

Your doctor or pharmacist can provide more information about factor IX.

See also: factor IX complex side effects (in more detail)

Sunday, 7 October 2012

phentermine

Commonly used brand name(s)

Uses For phentermine

Before Using phentermine

Allergies

Pediatric

Geriatric

Pregnancy

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Other Medical Problems

Proper Use of phentermine

Dosing

Missed Dose

Storage

Precautions While Using phentermine

phentermine Side Effects

Saturday, 6 October 2012

citrate

Commonly used brand name(s)

Uses For citrate

Before Using citrate

Allergies

Pediatric

Geriatric

Pregnancy

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Other Medical Problems

Proper Use of citrate

Dosing

Missed Dose

Storage

Precautions While Using citrate

citrate Side Effects

Friday, 5 October 2012

pindolol

Commonly used brand name(s)

Uses For pindolol

Before Using pindolol

Allergies

Pediatric

Geriatric

Pregnancy

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Other Medical Problems

Proper Use of pindolol

Dosing

Missed Dose

Storage

Precautions While Using pindolol

pindolol Side Effects

More pindolol resources

Compare pindolol with other medications

Thursday, 4 October 2012

Limbrel

What are Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

What is the most important information I should know about Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

How should I take Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

What happens if I miss a dose?

What happens if I overdose?

What should I avoid while taking Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

Limbrel (bioflavonoids) side effects

What other drugs will affect Limbrel (bioflavonoids)?

More Limbrel resources

Compare Limbrel with other medications

Where can I get more information?

factor IX complex

What is factor IX complex?

What is the most important information I should know about factor IX complex?

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using factor IX complex?

How should I use factor IX complex?

What happens if I miss a dose?

What happens if I overdose?